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Forgetting letter sounds

Review that keeps going back

The short answer

Why does my child forget letter sounds, and what helps them stick?

Neither guide we read explains why a child forgets letter sounds. Both set out what to do: review each new sound together with a small set of sounds already learned, and for a child who is struggling, go deep on a few skills with time to review until they hold steady.

What the research found

  • 4 × Strong evidence
  • 4 × Expert advice, not a trial
  1. The foundational reading guide says a newly taught letter sound should be reviewed together with a small set of sounds the child already learned.

    In the source’s own words“Finally, ensure that students have continued practice with the phoneme. Review the new letter sound together with a small group of previously learned letter sounds”
  2. The guide suggests a memorable picture and a short story for each letter, so the child remembers the sound on seeing the letter.

    In the source’s own words“so that students remember the character and the sound when they see the letter in print”
  3. The guide says children should also write the letters in real words or their name as part of practice.

    In the source’s own words“have students write the letters in meaningful contexts, such as writing their name or familiar words containing the letters, such as mad and sad.”
  4. For letters a child mixes up, the panel advises teaching one letter until the child knows it instantly, then adding another letter or two while still reviewing the first.

    In the source’s own words“Then, teach the student another letter or two, reviewing and reinforcing the first letter a bit longer.”
  5. The panel says mixing up letters such as b and d is common in the early grades.

    In the source’s own words“Letter reversals (when students confuse the shape or sound of one letter for a different letter, such as confusing d for b) are common among children in the early grades.”
  6. For children who are behind, the intervention guide says to give clear correction and review that keeps going back over earlier material.

    In the source’s own words“Students should be given clear, corrective feedback, and cumulative review to ensure understanding and mastery.”
  7. For children with the greatest difficulty, the panel favors depth on few skills, with time to review and practice what was just learned until it holds steady across lessons.

    In the source’s own words“Such focus provides opportunities to review, practice, and reinforce newly learned proficiencies so that students can demonstrate sustained and consistent levels of proficiency across lessons.”
  8. In the panel's opinion, too many goals at once can overwhelm a struggling child.

    In the source’s own words“In the opinion of the panel, too many instructional objectives can overwhelm students.”

What this means at home

  • Each day, bring back the sounds your child already learned before adding a new one.
  • Teach few sounds at a time. Too many goals at once can overwhelm a struggling child.
  • Give each letter a memorable picture, and have your child write the letter too.
  • The free letter sounds check shows which sounds are firm and which keep slipping.

What the research does not tell us

  • The guide says that for some children, especially older ones, ongoing letter mix-ups can point to a difficulty that needs more attention.
  • The intervention guide says its advice for the children with the most severe difficulty is the panel's opinion, because research reveals little here.
  • Neither guide explains why a child forgets letter sounds; they only give teaching steps. The 'strong' ratings are for whole recommendations, not for review taken alone.

Sources

We read each of these ourselves on October 9, 2026. Follow the links to read them too.

  1. Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade. Foorman, B., Beyler, N., Borradaile, K., Coyne, M., Denton, C. A., Dimino, J., Furgeson, J., Hayes, L., Henke, J., Justice, L., Keating, B., Lewis, W., Sattar, S., Streke, A., Wagner, R., & Wissel, S.; Institute of Education Sciences, What Works Clearinghouse (NCEE 2016-4008). 2016.A U.S. government practice guide in which an expert panel made four recommendations and What Works Clearinghouse staff rated the evidence behind each from studies published from 2000 to 2014. (Text read: the guide's PDF converted to text in reading order; texts/ies_foundational.txt is the earlier column-layout copy of the same guide.)ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/PracticeGuide/21
  2. Assisting Students Struggling with Reading: Response to Intervention (RtI) and Multi-Tier Intervention in the Primary Grades. Gersten, R., Compton, D., Connor, C. M., Dimino, J., Santoro, L., Linan-Thompson, S., & Tilly, W. D.; Institute of Education Sciences, What Works Clearinghouse (NCEE 2009-4045). 2009.A U.S. government practice guide in which an expert panel made five recommendations for finding and helping struggling readers in the primary grades and rated the evidence behind each.ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/Docs/PracticeGuide/rti_reading_pg_021809.pdf

How we write these pages

  1. We read the source itself, not a news story about it.
  2. Every finding on a page names its source and where in the source it is found, so you can check it.
  3. We say how strong the evidence is, in the words of the people who reviewed it.
  4. We say what the research does not tell us. Most studies are done in schools, and no study can say what one child needs.
  5. If we get something wrong, tell us at hello@sounditoutreading.com and we will correct the page.

More from The Reading Lab

See all the research pages

More than worksheets

Does this sound like your child?

“Does not know the letter sounds, or learns them and forgets them”

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